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There is one more powerful control flow in Rust, which is match. It’s pretty straightforward, we would return a value based on match condition.
enum Coin {
Penny,
Nickel,
Dime,
Quarter,
}
fn value_in_cents(coin: Coin) -> u8 {
match coin {
Coin::Penny => 1,
Coin::Nickel => 5,
Coin::Dime => 10,
Coin::Quarter => 25,
}
}
fn main() {}
Left side is the condition => right side is the returned value.
If we need run multiple expression on the right side, we can use curly brackets
enum Coin {
Penny,
Nickel,
Dime,
Quarter,
}
fn value_in_cents(coin: Coin) -> u8 {
match coin {
Coin::Penny => {
println!("Lucky penny!");
1
}
Coin::Nickel => 5,
Coin::Dime => 10,
Coin::Quarter => 25,
}
}
fn main() {}
If our enum have a return value, match condition can return that parameter, like this
#[derive(Debug)]
enum UsState {
Alabama,
Alaska,
// --snip--
}
enum Coin {
Penny,
Nickel,
Dime,
Quarter(UsState),
}
fn value_in_cents(coin: Coin) -> u8 {
match coin {
Coin::Penny => 1,
Coin::Nickel => 5,
Coin::Dime => 10,
Coin::Quarter(state) => {
println!("State quarter from {:?}!", state);
25
}
}
}
fn main() {
value_in_cents(Coin::Quarter(UsState::Alaska));
}
//It will print Alaska!
We can handle Option enum using match as well.
In this example, we create a function that if a value passed, it will increment it’s value
fn main() {
fn plus_one(x: Option<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
match x {
None => None,
Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
}
}
let five = Some(5);
let six = plus_one(five);
let none = plus_one(None);
}
i
will represent the number we are passing.
If we didn’t handle the None case inside our match expression, Rust will throw an error when we try to compile it.
We don’t always have to write every case that might happen in match. Instead we can use underscore _ as a default value, if nothing is matched
fn main() {
let some_u8_value = 0u8;
match some_u8_value {
1 => println!("one"),
3 => println!("three"),
5 => println!("five"),
7 => println!("seven"),
_ => (),
}
}
This is a post in the start learning Rust series.